72. 编辑距离
给你两个单词 word1 和 word2,请你计算出将 word1 转换成 word2 所使用的最少操作数 。
你可以对一个单词进行如下三种操作:
- 插入一个字符
- 删除一个字符
- 替换一个字符
示例 1:
输入:word1 = "horse", word2 = "ros"
输出:3
解释:
horse -> rorse (将 'h' 替换为 'r')
rorse -> rose (删除 'r')
rose -> ros (删除 'e')
示例 2:
输入:word1 = "intention", word2 = "execution"
输出:5
解释:
intention -> inention (删除 't')
inention -> enention (将 'i' 替换为 'e')
enention -> exention (将 'n' 替换为 'x')
exention -> exection (将 'n' 替换为 'c')
exection -> execution (插入 'u')
提示:
0 <= word1.length, word2.length <= 500word1和word2由小写英文字母组成
动态规划 困难
动态规划老方法,分析转移方程(但是为啥是word1[0,...,i]和word2[0,...,j]进行转移呢)
代码
1. 空间复杂度O(MN)的方法
class Solution:
def minDistance(self, word1: str, word2: str) -> int:
m, n = len(word1), len(word2)
dp = [[0] *(n+1) for _ in range(m+1)]
for j in range(n+1):
dp[0][j] = j
for i in range(m+1):
dp[i][0] = i
for i in range(1,m+1):
for j in range(1,n+1):
if word1[i-1] == word2[j-1]:
dp[i][j] = dp[i-1][j-1]
else:
dp[i][j] = min(dp[i][j-1],dp[i-1][j],dp[i-1][j-1]) + 1
return dp[m][n]
2. 空间复杂度O(N)的方法
class Solution:
def minDistance(self, word1: str, word2: str) -> int:
m, n = len(word1), len(word2)
if m < n : # 保持 word2 是短的那个
m, n = n, m
word1, word2 = word2, word1
lastRow, thisRow = [0] * (n+1), [0] * (n+1)
for j in range(n+1):
lastRow[j] = j
for i in range(1,m+1):
thisRow[0] = i
for j in range(1,n+1):
if word1[i-1] == word2[j-1]:
thisRow[j] = lastRow[j-1]
else:
thisRow[j] = min(thisRow[j-1],lastRow[j],lastRow[j-1]) + 1
lastRow, thisRow = thisRow, [0] * (n+1)
return lastRow[n]