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72. 编辑距离

给你两个单词 word1word2,请你计算出将 word1 转换成 word2 所使用的最少操作数 。

你可以对一个单词进行如下三种操作:

示例 1:

输入:word1 = "horse", word2 = "ros"
输出:3
解释:
horse -> rorse (将 'h' 替换为 'r')
rorse -> rose (删除 'r')
rose -> ros (删除 'e')

示例 2:

输入:word1 = "intention", word2 = "execution"
输出:5
解释:
intention -> inention (删除 't')
inention -> enention (将 'i' 替换为 'e')
enention -> exention (将 'n' 替换为 'x')
exention -> exection (将 'n' 替换为 'c')
exection -> execution (插入 'u')

提示:

动态规划 困难

动态规划老方法,分析转移方程(但是为啥是word1[0,...,i]word2[0,...,j]进行转移呢)

代码

1. 空间复杂度O(MN)的方法

class Solution:
    def minDistance(self, word1: str, word2: str) -> int:
        m, n = len(word1), len(word2)
        dp = [[0] *(n+1) for _ in range(m+1)]
        for j in range(n+1):
            dp[0][j] = j
        for i in range(m+1):
            dp[i][0] = i
        for i in range(1,m+1):
            for j in range(1,n+1):
                if word1[i-1] == word2[j-1]:
                    dp[i][j] = dp[i-1][j-1]
                else:
                    dp[i][j] = min(dp[i][j-1],dp[i-1][j],dp[i-1][j-1]) + 1
        return dp[m][n]

2. 空间复杂度O(N)的方法

class Solution:
    def minDistance(self, word1: str, word2: str) -> int:
        m, n = len(word1), len(word2)
        if m < n : # 保持 word2 是短的那个
            m, n = n, m
            word1, word2 = word2, word1
        lastRow, thisRow = [0] * (n+1), [0] * (n+1)

        for j in range(n+1):
            lastRow[j] = j
        for i in range(1,m+1):
            thisRow[0] = i
            for j in range(1,n+1):
                if word1[i-1] == word2[j-1]:
                    thisRow[j] = lastRow[j-1]
                else:
                    thisRow[j] = min(thisRow[j-1],lastRow[j],lastRow[j-1]) + 1
            lastRow, thisRow = thisRow, [0] * (n+1)
        return lastRow[n]